List of Persons

The identification of the persons in this list is limited to circumstances and positions under reference in this volume. The names of persons which appear only in document headings or signatures, or of whom there is only casual mention, are not included.

• Alksnis , Yakov Ivanovieh , Chief of the Air Forces of the Red Army; purged in 1937.
• Andreyev , Andrey Andreyevich , prominent Communist leader, holder of many offices in the Soviet Government and in the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks).
• Araki , Sadao , General, Japanese Minister of War.
• Atherton , Ray , Counselor of the American Embassy in the United Kingdom.
• Attolico , Dr. Bernardo , Italian Ambassador to the Soviet Union, 1930–35; to Germany, 1935–40.
• Avenol , Joseph , French national, Secretary General of the League of Nations.
• Aziz , Abdul Hussein, Khan , Afghan Ambassador to the Soviet Union and Dean of the Diplomatic Corps until 1938.
• Bakhmetyev , Boris Alexandrovich , Ambassador of the Provisional Government of Russia to the United States, 1917–22.
• Baldwin , Stanley , British Prime Minister, 1923–24, 1924–29, and 1935–37.
• Baltrusaitis , Dr. Jurgis , Lithuanian Minister to the Soviet Union, to April 1939.
• Bannerman , Roy C. , Chief Special Agent of the Department of State.
• Barkov , Vladimir Nikolayevich , Chief of the Protocol Division in the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union.
• Beck , Jozef , Colonel, Polish Minister for Foreign Affairs.
• Beriya , Lavrenty Pavlovich , Assistant People’s Commissar for Internal Affairs of the Soviet Union, August-December 1938; People’s Commissar for Internal Affairs, December 1938–January 1946; holder of other offices in the Communist Party and Government of the Soviet Union.
• Berle , Adolph A., Jr. , United States Assistant Secretary of State, 1938–44.
• Bilmanis , Dr. Alfreds , Latvian Minister to the United States.
• Bizauskas , Kazys , Vice President of the Lithuanian Council of Ministers, and Acting Minister for Foreign Affairs.
• Blyukher ( Bluecher ) , Vasily Konstantinovich, Marshal, Commander in Chief of the Far Eastern Red Army; missing and presumed executed, 1938.
• Bogdanov , Peter Alexeyevich , Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Amtorg Trading Corporation, New York, N. Y., 1929–34; purged in 1937.
• Bogomolov , Alexander Efremovich , Secretary General of the Collegium of the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union, 1939–40.
• Boguslavsky , Mikhail Solomonovich , Vice President of the Moscow Soviet, and holder of offices in the Russian Socialist Federated Soviet Republic; shot, January 1937.
• Bohlen , Charles E. , Vice Consul, later Consul, and Third Secretary of the American Embassy in the Soviet Union, 1934–35; member, Division of Eastern European Affairs, Department of State, 1935–37; Second Secretary of Embassy, later also Consul, in the Soviet Union, 1937–40.
• Boldin , Ivan Vasilyevich , Commander of Division; Commander of the Kalinin Military District in the Soviet Union.
• Borah , William E. , United States Senator from Idaho, Chairman of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, 1924–33.
• Borodin , Mikhail Markovich , Editor in Chief of the Moscow Daily News .
• Boyev , Ivan Vasilyevich , Assistant People’s Commissar for Foreign Trade of the Soviet Union in 1934; Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Amtorg Trading Corporation, New York, N. Y., 1934–36; purged in 1937.
• Brookhart , Smith W. , former United States Senator from Iowa.
• Browder , Earl Russell , Secretary General of the Communist Party in the United States.
• Budenny , Semen Mikhailovich , Marshal, Assistant Chief, later Chief Inspector of Cavalry, 1923–37; commander of the troops and member of the Military Soviet of the Moscow Military District, 1937–40; Assistant People’s Commissar for Defense of the Soviet Union, 1939–46.
• Bukharin , Nikolay Ivanovich , an outstanding Communist theoretician and writer, holder of several Party and Government offices, editor of Pravda and, finally, of Izvestiya; tried on a variety of charges and executed in 1938.
• Bulganin , Nikolay Alexandrovich , Chairman of the Council of People’s Commissars of the Russian Socialist Federated Soviet Republic, 1937–38; Chairman of the State Bank (Gosbank), 1938–40.
• Bullitt , William C. , American Ambassador to the Soviet Union, 1933–36; to France, 1936–40.
• Bunkley , William , Naval surgeon on duty at the American Embassy in the Soviet Union.
• Burzin , Vladimir Alexandrovich , Brigade Commander, Soviet Military Attaché in the United States.
• Cachin , Marcel , leader in the French Communist Party.
• Callaghan , Daniel , Captain, Naval Aide to President Roosevelt .
• Carp , Sam , President of the Carp Export and Import Corporation, 220 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y.
• Cernius , Jonas , Brigadier General, President of the Lithuanian Council of Ministers, March 28 to November 21, 1939.
• Chamberlain , Neville , British Prime Minister, May 28, 1937, to May 10, 1940.
• Charles , Noel Hugh Havelock , Counselor of the British Embassy in the Soviet Union, 1934–36.
• Charwat , Fr. , Polish Minister to Lithuania.
• Chekhov , Anton Pavlovich , Russian novelist and dramatist.
• Cheney , Philip S. , clerk in the American Embassy in the Soviet Union.
• Chichayev , Ivan , Soviet Chargé d’Affaires in Latvia.
• Chilston (Aretas Akers-Douglas) , Viscount, British Ambassador to the Soviet Union, 1933–38.
• Chipman , Norris B. , Third Secretary of the American Embassy in the Soviet Union, 1936, also Consul, 1938; Second Secretary and Consul, 1939.
• Chubar , Vlas Yakovlevich , People’s Commissar for Finance of the Soviet Union, 1937–38.
• Chuvakhin , Dmitry Stepanovich , First Secretary of the Soviet Embassy in the United States, 1938–42.
• Chvyalev , Evgeny Denisovich , People’s Commissar for Foreign Trade of the Soviet Union, 1938.
• Costa du Rels , Adolfo , Bolivian delegate at the League of Nations, President of the Council in 1939.
• Coulondre , Robert , French Ambassador to the Soviet Union, 1936–38; to Germany, 1938–39.
• Cox , Dr. Ora Howard , Senior Surgeon in the United States Public Health Service attached to the American Embassy in the Soviet Union.
• Dailide , Pranas , Lithuanian Minister to Latvia.
• Daladier , Édouard , President of the French Council of Ministers, January October 1933, January-February 1934, April 1938–March 1940.
• Darcy , Sam (Samuel Adams Dardeck) , District organizer, District No. 13, headquarters in San Francisco, Calif., of the Communist Party in the United States.
• Davies , Joseph E. , American Ambassador to the Soviet Union, 1937–38; to Belgium (and Minister to Luxembourg), 1938–39.
• Davis , Norman , Chairman of the American delegation to the General Disarmament Conference.
• Dekanozov , Vladimir Georgevich , Assistant People’s Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union, appointed June 1939.
• Delbos , Yvon , French Minister for Foreign Affairs, 1936–38.
• Delcassé , Théophile , French Minister for Foreign Affairs, 1898–1905, 1914–15.
• Denikin , Anton Ivanovieh , Lieutenant General, Commander of the White Russian forces in southern Russia, defeated by the Bolsheviks, 1920.
• Dewey , John , Professor of Philosophy at Columbia University.
• Dimitrov , Georgy , leader of the Bulgarian Communist Party; acquitted in trial in 1933 of complicity in starting the Reichstag fire in Berlin; elected Secretary General of the Executive Committee of the Communist (Third) International at the VII Congress held in Moscow, July-August 1935.
• Dirksen , Dr. Herbert von , German Ambassador to the Soviet Union, 1928–33.
• Divilkovsky , Ivan Anatolyevich , Secretary General of the Collegium of the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union.
• Doletsky , Yakov Genrikhovich , General Manager of the Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (Tass), 1925–35; Managing Director in the United States, 1935–37; purged in 1937.
• Dostoyevsky , Fedor Mikhailovich , famous Russian novelist, 1821–81.
• Dovgalevsky , Valerian Savelyevich , Soviet Ambassador to France, 1933–34.
• Dreitser , Efim Alexandrovich , accused of participation in assassination plots against Stalin and others; tried and shot in August 1936.
• Drobnis , Yakov Naumovieh , an official in the government of the Russian Socialist Federated Soviet Republic; shot, January 1937.
• Drummond , Sir James Eric (from 1937, Earl of Perth), British Ambassador to Italy, 1933–39.
• Dubrovsky , Dr. David H. , a former Communist, director of the Soviet Red Cross in the United States until resignation in 1935.
• Dunn , James Clement , Adviser on Political Relations, Department of State.
• Duranty , Walter , Correspondent of the New York Times in Moscow.
• Durbrow , Elbridge , Vice Consul, Consul, and Third Secretary of the American Embassy in the Soviet Union, 1934–37.
• Eberhardt , Fred L. , President of Gould & Eberhardt , manufacturers of machine tools, Newark (Irvington), New Jersey.
• Eden , Anthony , British Conservative M. P.; Lord Privy Seal, 1934–35; Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, December 22, 1935, to February 20, 1938.
• Edison , Charles , United States Assistant Secretary of the Navy, 1933–39; Acting Secretary, and Secretary, 1939–40.
• Egorov ( Yegorov ), Alexander Ilyich, Marshal , Chief of Staff of the Red Army; First Assistant People’s Commissar for Defense of the Soviet Union, May 1937, until removed, February 1938, and purged.
• Eideman , Robert Petrovich , Soviet Corps Commander, Chief of the Osoaviakhim (Society for Air and Chemical Defense), and leader of the training of reserves; probably executed, June 1937.
• Embick , Stanley D. , Major General, Deputy Chief of Staff, War Department.
• Ercoli , Ercole (Palmiro Togliatti) , leader of the Italian Communist Party.
• Ezhov ( Yezhov ), Nikolay Ivanovich , People’s Commissar for Internal Affairs of the Soviet Union, 1936–38; People’s Commissar for Water Transport, 1938–39; executed, 1939.
• Faymonville , Philip R. , Major (later Lieutenant Colonel), American Military Attaché in the Soviet Union, 1934–39.
• Feis , Dr. Herbert , Adviser on International Economic Affairs, Department of State.
• Feldman , B. M. , Soviet Corps Commander, Chief of the Bureau of General Affairs of the People’s Commissariat for Defense; executed, June 1937.
• Ferris , Scott , former member of the United States House of Representatives from Oklahoma; Democratic National Committeeman from Oklahoma; attorney representing the Carp Export and Import Corporation, New York, N. Y.
• Field , Franklin , Vice President of the Bank of Manhattan Company, New York, N. Y.
• Fischer , Louis , American writer and contributor to The Nation ( New York), residing in Moscow.
• Fish , Hamilton , member of United States House of Representatives from New York since 1918.
• Flack , Joseph , First Secretary of the American Embassy in Germany.
• Florinsky , Dmitry T. , Chief of the Protocol Division of the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union until August 1934; exiled, 1935.
• Foster , William , Chairman of the Communist Party in the United States.
• Franco , Francisco , General, leader of the Nationalist forces in the Spanish Civil War.
• Frinovsky , Mikhail Petrovich , Assistant People’s Commissar for Internal Affairs of the Soviet Union, 1936–38; People’s Commissar for Naval Affairs, 1938–39.
• Frolov , Alexander Andreyevich , Captain of the First Rank, Acting Chairman of the Soviet Naval Mission in the United States following the departure of Vice Admiral Isakov on May 13, 1939.
• Furlong , W. R. , Rear Admiral, Chief of the Bureau of Ordnance, Department of the Navy.
• Gainard , Joseph A. , sea captain, master of the S. S. City of Flint operated by the United States Lines Company.
• Gamarnik , Yan Borisovich , Assistant People’s Commissar for Defense of the Soviet Union, and Chief of the Political Administration of the Workers and Peasants’ Red Army (Chief Political Commissar); committed suicide, May 31, 1937.
• Gibbs , William Francis , naval architect, Vice President of Gibbs and Cox, Inc., 1 Broadway, New York, N. Y.
• Gilinsky , Abram Lazaryevich , People’s Commissar for the Food Industry of the Soviet Union, January–August 1938.
• Goering , Hermann Wilhelm , Field Marshal, President of the Reichstag; Prime Minister of Prussia; Reich Minister for Air, etc.
• Gokhman , Grigory Ilyich , Member of the Third Western Political Division of the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union, 1933; Second Secretary of the Soviet Embassy in the United States, 1934–37.
• Gorky , Maxim (Alexey Maximovich Peshkov) , Russian pre-revolutionary and revolutionary author; died in 1936.
• Green , Gil (Gilbert Greenberg) , Secretary of the Young Communist League in the United States.
• Green , Joseph C. , Chief, Office of Arms and Munitions Control, Department of State, 1935–38; Chief, Division of Controls, 1938–41.
• Grew , Joseph C. , American Ambassador to Japan.
• Grinko , Grigory Fedorovich , People’s Commissar for Finance of the Soviet Union, to 1937.
• Gromyko , Andrey Andreyevich , Chief of the American Section of the Third Western Political Division of the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union, 1939; Counselor of the Soviet Embassy in the United States, 1939–43.
• Grummon , Stuart E. , Consul and Second Secretary of the American Embassy in the Soviet Union, 1937–38; First Secretary of Embassy, 1938–39.
• Grzybowski , Waclaw , Polish Ambassador to the Soviet Union.
• Hackworth , Green H. , Legal Adviser, Department of State.
• Halifax (Edward Frederick Lindley Wood) , Viscount, British Conservative M. P.; Lord President of the Council, 1937–38; Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, 1938–40.
• Hancock , John M. , partner, Lehman Brothers, New York, N. Y.
• Harrison , Ben , United States District Attorney at Los Angeles, Calif.
• Hayne , Frank B. , Major, American Assistant Military Attaché later Military Attaché in the Soviet Union, 1938–39.
• Henderson , Arthur , British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, 1929–31; President of the Conference for the Reduction and Limitation of Armament.
• Henderson , Loy W. , Second Secretary of the American Embassy in the Soviet Union, 1934–36; First Secretary, 1936–38; Assistant Chief, Division of European Affairs, Department of State, 1938–42.
• Henderson , Sir Nevile , British Ambassador to Germany, 1937–39.
• Herriot , Édouard , Premier and member of several French Cabinets, 1916–36; President of the French Chamber of Deputies, 1936–42.
• Hickerson , John D. , Assistant Chief of the Division of European Affairs, Department of State, 1937–40.
• Hirota , Koki , Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs.
• Hitler , Adolf , Führer and Chancellor of the German Reich from January 30, 1933; Chief of State from August 2, 1934.
• Holmes , Ralston S. , Rear Admiral, Chief of the Office of Naval Intelligence, Department of the Navy.
• Holsti , Dr. Rudolf , permanent Finnish delegate at the League of Nations.
• Hoover , J. Edgar , Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Department of Justice.
• Howard , Roy , editorial director of Scripps-Howard newspapers; editor and president of the New York World-Telegram .
• Hrdlička , Ales , Anthropologist, United States National Museum, Washington.
• Hull , Cordell , Secretary of State, 1933–44.
• Huthsteiner , George B. , Major, American Military Attaché in Estonia and Latvia.
• Isakov , Ivan Stepanovich , Vice Admiral, Assistant People’s Commissar for Naval Affairs; Chairman of the Soviet Naval Mission in the United States, 1939.
• Ivanushkin , Mikhail Ivanovich , Vice Consul of the Soviet Union at New York, N. Y.
• Johnson , Hiram W. , United States Senator from California.
• Johnson , Hugh S. , General Administrator of the National Recovery Administration.
• Jones , Jesse H. , Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation; member of the Board of Trustees of the Export-Import Bank of Washington.
• Joyce , C. S. , Captain, U. S. N. retired, representative of Gibbs and Cox, Inc., naval architects, New York, N. Y.
• Kagan , Samuyl Bentsyanovich , Counselor of the Soviet Embassy in the United Kingdom.
• Kaganovich , Lazar Moiseyevich , holder of many Government and Party offices, especially People’s Commissar for Transportation (railways) of the Soviet Union, 1935–44; People’s Commissar for Heavy Industry, 1937–38; Deputy Chairman of the Council of People’s Commissars from 1938.
• Kalinin , Mikhail Ivanovich , President (Chairman) of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Soviet Union.
• Kamenyev , Lev (Leo) Borisovich , veteran Communist leader, holder of numerous Party and Government positions in the Soviet Union; sentenced to 5 years’ imprisonment at trial following murder (on December 1, 1934) of Kirov , January 1935; executed after second trial on August 24, 1936.
• Kaminsky , A. N. , Assistant Chief of the Foreign Trade Policies Division of the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Trade of the Soviet Union.
• Karakhan , Lev Mikhailovich , Assistant People’s Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union, 1931–34; Soviet Ambassador to Turkey, 1934–37; shot, December 1937.
• Kelley , Robert F. , Chief of the Division of Eastern European Affairs, Department of State, 1926–37.
• Kellogg , Frank B. , Secretary of State, 1925–29.
• Kennan , George Frost , Third Secretary of the American Legation in Latvia, 1931–33; accompanied Ambassador Bullitt to Moscow, 1933–34; Third Secretary of Embassy in the Soviet Union, 1934–35; Second Secretary of Embassy, 1935–37; member, Division of European Affairs, Department of State, 1937–38.
• Kerensky , Alexander Fedorovich , Minister of Justice in the Russian Provisional Government, March-May, 1917; Minister of War, May-September, and Prime Minister, July to the Bolshevik Revolution, November 7, 1917.
• Khrushchev , Nikita Sergeyevich , alternate member of the Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks); holder of other Party and Government offices.
• Kirk , Alexander C. , Consul General and Counselor of the American Embassy in the Soviet Union, 1938–39; Counselor of Embassy in Germany, 1939–40.
• Kirov , Sergey Mironovich , Secretary of the Central and Leningrad Committees of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks); member of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union, and of other Party and Government bodies; murdered in Leningrad, December 1, 1934.
• Knorin , Vilgelm Georgevich , Communist Party member and office holder; delegate to VII Congress of the Communist International in Moscow, 1935.
• Kocins , Fricis , Latvian Minister to the Soviet Union.
• Kolchak , Alexander Vasilyevich , Admiral, Head and Supreme Ruler of an anti-Bolshevik government and dictatorship in Siberia, 1918–20; defeated, and executed by the Bolsheviks at Irkutsk, February 7, 1920.
• Komar , Borris M. , Counselor-at-law, New York, N. Y.
• Koo , Dr. V. K. Wellington , Chinese delegate at the League of Nations.
• Kork , August Ivanovieh , Soviet Army Commander, Chief of the Frunze Military Academy; executed, June 1937.
• Kosior , Stanislav Vikentyevich , Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic; member of the Politburo, etc.; arrested in 1938.
• Köstring , Ernst , Lieutenant General, Military Attaché of the German Embassy in the Soviet Union.
• Kotze , Ulrich von , German Minister to Latvia.
• Krestinsky , Nikolay Nikolayevich , Assistant People’s Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union until February 1937; Assistant People’s Commissar for Justice, 1937; tried, and shot, March 1938.
• Krivitsky , Walter G. , reputed former Red Army officer (General) who fled the Soviet Union after the 1937 Army purges.
• Krupskaya , Nadezhda Konstantinovna , widow of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin.
• Krylenko , Nikolay Vasilyevich , Chief Prosecutor of the Soviet Union to 1936; People’s Commissar for Justice, 1936–37; purged in 1938.
• Kuniholm , Bertel Eric , Third Secretary of the American Embassy in the Soviet Union, 1934–35; Consul, 1935, and Second Secretary, 1936; member, Division of Eastern European Affairs, Department of State, 1936–37.
• Kuusinen , Otto W. , Finnish Communist, delegate to the VII Congress of the Communist International, 1935; member of the Central Executive Committee of the Comintern; President of the “Democratic Republic of Finland” at Terijoki, 1939–40.
• Kuybyshev ( Kuibyshev, Kouibychev ), Valerian Vladimirovich , Director of the State Planning Commission (Gosplan) of the Soviet Union until death in 1935.
• Kuznetsov , Alexey Alexandrovieh , Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party in Leningrad; member of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party.
• Kuznetsov , Nikolay Gerasimovich , Admiral, Chief of the Soviet naval forces; People’s Commissar for Naval Affairs of the Soviet Union, 1939.
• Laidoner , Johan , General, Commander in Chief of the Estonian Army.
• “ Lapinsky ”. See Mikhailsky, Pavel L.
• Laval , Pierre , French Minister for Foreign Affairs, 1934–36.
• Leahy , William D. , Admiral, Chief of Naval Operations, Department of the Navy; sometimes Acting Secretary of the Navy.
• Lenin ( Ulyanov ), Vladimir Ilyich , leader of the Bolshevik Revolution of October (November) 1917; President of the Council of People’s Commissars of the Soviet Government until his death on January 21, 1924.
• Leonard , E. R. , Manager of Sales of the Bethlehem Steel Company; Washington representative of the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation.
• Lindeberg , Harrie T. , architect of the proposed American Embassy buildings at Moscow.
• Litvinov , Maxim Maximovich , People’s Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union, 1930 until May 3, 1939.
• Livshits , Yakov Abramovich , former Assistant People’s Commissar for Ways of Communication of the Soviet Union; shot, January 1937.
• Long , Breckinridge , American Ambassador to Italy, 1933–36.
• Lozovsky , Solomon Abramovich , former Secretary General of the Red International of Trade Unions (Profintern); alternate member of the Executive Committee of the Communist International, elected at VII Congress, 1935; Assistant People’s Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union, June 1939.
• Maisky , Ivan Mikhailovich , Soviet Ambassador to the United Kingdom.
• Manuilsky , Dmitry Zakharovich , prominent leader in the Communist Party and its organizations in the Soviet Union; member of the Presidium of the Executive Committee of the Communist International.
• McReynolds , Sam D. , member of United States House of Representatives from Tennessee; chairman of the Foreign Service Buildings Commission, Independent Offices and Establishments.
• Mejlaouk . See Mezhlauk .
• Menzhinsky , Vyacheslav Rudolfovich , former chief of the Cheka and United State Political Administration (O. G. P. U.), the state secret police; died May 10, 1934.
• Meri , Georg , Director of the Foreign Trade Department of the Estonian Ministry for Foreign Affairs.
• Merkys , Antanas , Mayor of Kaunas, Lithuania; President of the Lithuanian Council of Ministers from November 21, 1939.
• Messersmith , George S. , United States Assistant Secretary of State, 1937–40.
• Metten , John F. , President of the New York Shipbuilding Corporation.
• Mezhlauk , Valery Ivanovich , Vice President, later President of the State Planning Commission (Gosplan); a Vice President of the Council of People’s Commissars of the Soviet Union; purged in 1937.
• Michal , Wolf , Czechoslovak Communist, member of the Executive Committee of the Communist International of Youth.
• Mikhailsky , Pavel L. , a leading writer, under the pen name “Lapinsky”, in the Soviet press on American affairs; arrested in Moscow, June 1937.
• Mikoyan , Anastas Ivanovich , People’s Commissar for the Food Industry of the Soviet Union, 1934–38; People’s Commissar for Foreign Trade, 1938–49.
• Ming, Yu , Counselor of the Chinese Embassy in the Soviet Union.
• Mishustin , Dmitry D. , Assistant Chief of the Foreign Trade Section, People’s Commissariat for Foreign Trade of the Soviet Union.
• Mitskievicz-Kapsukas , Vincent Semenovich , a founder and leader of the Communist Party in Lithuania; died February 17, 1935.
• Moffat , Pierrepont , Chief of the Division of European Affairs, Department of State.
• Molotov , Vyacheslav Mikhailovich , President (Chairman) of the Council of People’s Commissars of the Soviet Union (Premier), 1930–41; People’s Commissar for Foreign Affairs, May 3, 1939, to March 4, 1949.
• Monzie , Anatole de , former French Minister of Finance.
• Moore , Robert Walton , United States Assistant Secretary of State, 1933–37; Counselor of the Department of State, 1937–41.
• Morgan , J. Pierpont , Banker, head of J. P. Morgan & Co., New York, N. Y.
• Morgenthau , Henry, Jr. , Governor of the Farm Credit Administration, May 27–November 16, 1933; United States Under Secretary and Acting Secretary of the Treasury, November 17, 1933; Secretary of the Treasury, January 1, 1934, to July 1945.
• Moscicki , Professor Ignacy , President of the Republic of Poland, 1926–39.
• Munroe , Henry , special attorney, United States Attorney’s Office, New York, N. Y.
• Munters , Vilhelms , Latvian Minister for Foreign Affairs.
• Muralov , Nikolay Ivanovieh , an “Old Bolshevik” and Army officer; shot, January 1937.
• Murphy , Frank , Attorney General of the United States, 1939–40.
• Mussolini , Benito , founder of the Fascist Party, and Prime Minister of Italy (Duce).
• Naggiar , Paul-Emile , French Ambassador to the Soviet Union, 1938–40.
• Natkevičius , Dr. Ladas , Lithuanian Minister to the Soviet Union from May 1939.
• Nelson , Dr. Walter G. , Surgeon in the United States Public Health Service attached to the American Embassy in the Soviet Union.
• Neville , Edwin L. , Counselor of the American Embassy in Japan.
• Neymann , Alexey Fedorovich , First Secretary of the Soviet Embassy in the United States, 1933–35; Chief of the Third Western Political Division of the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union, 1935–37; disappeared, 1937.
• Nielsen , Orsen N. , Assistant Chief of the Division of Eastern European Affairs, Department of State, 1936–37; Assistant Chief of the Division of European Affairs, 1937–38.
• Nimmer , David R. , Captain, American Assistant Naval Attaché in the Soviet Union, 1934–35.
• Norem , Owen J. C. , American Minister to Lithuania, 1937–40.
• Oliphant , Herman , General Counsel of the Treasury Department.
• Oras , Pavel Yuryevich , Soviet Naval Attaché in the United States.
• Ordzhonikidze , Grigory Konstantinovich , holder of many Government and Party offices, People’s Commissar for Heavy Industry of the Soviet Union until death, February 1937.
• Orlov , Vladimir Mitrofanovich , Flagman of the First Rank, Chief of the Naval Forces of the Soviet Union, and Assistant People’s Commissar for Naval Affairs from January 1937, until purged later in the year.
• Paasikivi , Juho K. , Finnish Minister to Sweden; after December 1, 1939, Minister without Portfolio in the Finnish Cabinet.
• Packer , Earl L. , Assistant Chief of the Division of Eastern European Affairs, Department of State, 1928–36; Consul and First Secretary of the American Legation in Latvia, 1936–40.
• Page , Edward, Jr. , Third Secretary of the American Legation in Latvia, later also Vice Consul and Consul, 1934–37; temporarily Third Secretary of the American Embassy in the Soviet Union, 1935, 1937–38; member of the Division of European Affairs, Department of State, 1938–42.
• Papanin , Ivan Dmitriyevich , Rear Admiral, leader of a Soviet Arctic scientific expedition in 1937, which camped on an ice floe near the North Pole, drifting until rescued on February 19, 1938; head of the Chief Administration of the Northern Sea Route, 1939.
• Päts , Konstantin , President of Estonia.
• Payer , Harry F. , United States Assistant Secretary of State, June 13–November 26, 1933.
• Peek , George N. , President of the Export-Import Bank of Washington, March 1934–December 1935.
• Phillips , William , United States Under Secretary of State, 1933–35; delegate to the London Naval Conference, 1935–36; American Ambassador to Italy, 1936–41.
• Pierson , Warren L. , President of the Export-Import Bank of Washington since February 1936.
• Piip , Ants , Estonian Minister for Foreign Affairs after October 14, 1939.
• Pletnev , Dr. D. D. , Professor on the Faculty of Medicine in Moscow.
• Plotkin , Mark Abramovieh , Assistant Chief of the Legal Division of the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union, 1935–38; Chief of the combined Legal and Commercial Divisions, 1938–39; purged in 1939.
• Potemkin , Vladimir Petrovich , Soviet Ambassador to France, 1934–37; Assistant People’s Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union, 1937–40.
• Primakov , V. M. , Soviet Corps Commander, Assistant Commander of the Leningrad Military District; executed, June 1937.
• Putna , Vitovt Kazimirovich , Soviet Corps Commander, Military Attaché and Attaché for Air in the Soviet Embassy in the United Kingdom, recalled for investigation in August 1936; probably executed, June 1937.
• Pyatakov , Yury Leonidovich , Assistant People’s Commissar for Heavy Industry of the Soviet Union to 1936, and holder of other Government and Party offices; tried, and shot, January 1937,
• Radek , Karl Berngardovich , Soviet Russian publicist and editor; tried, January 23–30, 1937, and sentenced to jail for 10 years.
• Rakovsky , Khristian Grigoryevich , formerly Soviet Ambassador to the United Kingdom, 1923–25; to France, 1925–27; later in opposition; arrested and sentenced to 20 years in prison in 1937.
• Rastikis , Stasys , General, Commander in Chief of the Lithuanian Army.
• Rataichak , Stanislav Antonovich , Assistant People’s Commissar for Heavy Industry of the Soviet Union, and head of the Chemical Industry; shot, January 1937.
• Rei , August , Estonian Minister to the Soviet Union.
• Reno , Milo , leader in and speaker for the Farmers Holiday Association.
• Ribbentrop , Joachim von , Reich Foreign Minister.
• Rosenblum , Boris Danilovich , Director of the Economic Section of the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union; disappeared during 1937.
• Rosengolts , Arkady Pavlovich , People’s Commissar for Foreign Trade of the Soviet Union; removed in June 1937.
• Rosh , Alexey A. , Acting Chief, later Chief of the Third Western Political Division of the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union, 1938–39.
• Rosso , Augusto , Italian Ambassador to the Soviet Union, 1936–41.
• Rozov , David Aronovich , Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Amtorg Trading Corporation, New York, N. Y., 1936–38; Assistant People’s Commissar for Foreign Trade of the Soviet Union, 1938.
• Rubinin , Evgeny Vladimirovich , Director of the Third Western Political Division of the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union, 1930–35; Soviet Minister to Belgium, 1935–40.
• Rumreich , Dr. Adolph S. , Public Health Surgeon attached to the American Embassy in the Soviet Union.
• Runciman , Viscount, Walter Runciman , British politician, President of the Board of Trade, 1931–37; head of Mission to Czechoslovakia, 1938; Lord President of the Council, 1938–39.
• Rykov , Alexey Ivanovich , Chairman of the Council of People’s Commissars (Premier) of the Soviet Union until 1930; holder of Party and Government offices; finally People’s Commissar for Post, Telegraph, and Radio (Communications) until September 1936; tried and executed in March 1938.
• Saito , Hirosi , Japanese Ambassador to the United States, 1934–38.
• Sauerwein , Jules , Foreign Editor of the Paris Soir.
• Sayre , Francis B. , United States Assistant Secretary of State, 1933–39.
• Schmidt , Otto Yulyevich , Russian explorer of the Arctic regions, head of the Chief Administration of the Northern Sea Route, until 1939.
• Schnurre , Dr. Karl , head of the Eastern European and Baltic Section of the Commercial Policy Division of the German Foreign Office.
• Schoenfeld , H. F. Arthur , American Minister to Finland.
• Schulenburg , Friedrich Werner, Count von der , German Ambassador to the Soviet Union, 1934–41.
• Seeds , Sir William , British Ambassador to the Soviet Union, 1939–40.
• Seja , Ludvigs , Latvian Minister to Lithuania.
• Selter , Karl , Estonian Minister for Foreign Affairs.
• Serebryakov , Leonid Petrovich , an “Old Bolshevik”, Director of the Central Administration for Highway and Road Construction and Auto Transport; shot, January 1937.
• Shaposhnikov , Boris Mikhailovich , Soviet Army Commander of the First Rank, appointed Chief of Staff, May 1937.
• Shidehara , Kijuro , former Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs.
• Shigemitsu , Mamoru , Japanese Ambassador to the Soviet Union, 1936–38.
• Simms , William Philip , columnist for the Scripps-Howard press.
• Simon , Sir John , British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, 1931–35.
• Skvirsky , Boris Evseyevich , Soviet trade representative in the United States before diplomatic recognition; Counselor of the Soviet Embassy, 1934–36.
• Smetona , Antanas , President of Lithuania.
• Snow , Thomas Maitland , British Minister to Finland.
• Sokolnikov , Grigory Yakovlevich , Soviet Ambassador to the United Kingdom in 1929; Assistant People’s Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union, 1934–35; Assistant People’s Commissar for the Timber Industry, 1935–36; tried and sentenced to jail for 10 years, January 1937.
• Stalin , Iosif Vissarionovich , Secretary General of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks); member of the Politburo and Orgburo of the Party, etc.
• Standley , William H. , Admiral, Chief of Naval Operations, Department of the Navy.
• Steiger , Boris Sergeyevich , a well-known Soviet official in diplomatic circles in Moscow of uncertain status; consultant to the Committee for the Affairs of Art; arrested in April 1937; executed in December 1937.
• Steinhardt , Laurence A. , American Ambassador to the Soviet Union, 1939–42.
• Stimson , Henry L. , Secretary of State, 1929–33.
• Stomonyakov , Boris Spiridonovich , Assistant People’s Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union; removed in August 1938.
• Strang , Sir William , head of the Central Department of the British Foreign Office; Chief of the British Mission to the Soviet Union in connection with the Anglo-French-Soviet alliance negotiations, 1939.
• Swanson , Claude A. , United States Secretary of the Navy, 1933–39.
• Talley , Lynn P. , Treasurer, trustee, and member of the executive committee of the Export-Import Bank of Washington.
• Tanner , Väinö A. , Finnish Minister of Finance, 1937–39; after December 1, 1939, Minister for Foreign Affairs.
• Tomsky , Mikhail Pavlovich , former member of the Politburo, a leader of the Bolshevik right wing, and head of the State Publishing House; committed suicide, August 1936.
• Tripier , Jean , French Minister to Latvia.
• Trone , Solomon A. , naturalized American citizen employed by the International General Electric Company, frequently residing in the Soviet Union as a consulting power plant engineer in connection with company contracts.
• Trotsky , Lev (Leon) Davydovich , Communist leader and associate of Lenin ; defeated by Stalin in struggle for power after Lenin ’s death in 1924; exiled within Soviet Union, January 1928; abroad in Turkey, France, and Norway, 1929–36; in Mexico, 1937 until murdered on January 20, 1940.
• Troyanovsky , Alexander Antonovich , Soviet Ambassador to Japan, 1927–33; to the United States, 1934–39.
• Tsukerman , Vladimir Moiseyevich , Chief of the First Eastern Division of the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union; executed in December 1937.
• Tukhachevsky , Mikhail Nikolayevich , Marshal, Assistant People’s Commissar for Defense of the Soviet Union until demoted in May 1937; tried, and shot, June 12, 1937.
• Twardowski , Dr. Fritz von , Counselor of the German Embassy in the Soviet Union.
• Uborevich , Ieronim Petrovich , Soviet Army Commander of the First Rank, commanding troops of the White Russian Military District; executed, June 1937.
• Ughet , Serge , Financial Attaché of the Russian Provisional Government in the United States from 1917, becoming custodian of Russian government property on the retirement of Ambassador Bakhmetyev, June 30, 1922, until November 16, 1933.
• Ulmanis , Dr. Karlis , President of Latvia, and Minister President of the Council of Ministers.
• Ulrich ( Ulrikh ), Vasily Vasilyevich , Chairman of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union.
• Umansky , Konstantin Alexandrovich , Chief of the Press Section of the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union, 1931–36; Counselor of the Soviet Embassy in the United States, 1936–39; Soviet Ambassador to the United States, 1939–41.
• Urbsys , Juozas , Lithuanian Minister for Foreign Affairs.
• Urbye , Dr. Andreas T. , Norwegian Minister to the Soviet Union.
• Vinogradov , Sergey Ivanovich , Assistant Chief of the Third Western Political Division of the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union, in charge of the American desk, 1937–39.
• Voroshilov , Kliment Efremovich , Marshal, People’s Commissar for Defense in the Soviet Union; member of the Politburo of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks).
• Vyshinsky , Andrey Yanuaryevich , Chief Prosecutor of the Soviet Union, 1935–39; Assistant People’s Commissar for Foreign Affairs, 1939–49; holder of other Party and Government offices in the Soviet Union.
• Ward , Angus Ivan , Consul, Second Secretary, and Chief of Consular Section of the American Embassy in the Soviet Union.
• Warma , Aleksander , Estonian Minister to Lithuania.
• Watson , Edwin M. , Major General, Military Aide to President Roosevelt .
• Wehle , Louis Brandeis , lawyer, New York, N. Y.
• Weinberg , Khaim Semenovich , Assistant Chief, and Chief after 1937, of the Third Western Political Division of the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union, 1935–38.
• Welles , Sumner , United States Under Secretary of State, 1937–43.
• Wheeler , Burton K. , United States Senator from Montana.
• White , Thomas D. , Lieutenant, American Assistant Military Attaché and Assistant Military Attaché for Air in the Soviet Union, 1934–35.
• Wiley , John C. , Counselor of the American Embassy in the Soviet Union, 1934–35; Minister to Latvia and Estonia, 1938–41.
• Wolf , Morris , lawyer, an officer of the Carp Export and Import Corporation, New York, N. Y.
• Woodring , Harry H. , United States Assistant Secretary of War, 1933–36; Secretary of War, 1936–40.
• Yakimichev , Alexander Mikhailovich , Captain, Soviet Assistant Naval Attaché in the United States.
• Yakir , Iona Emanuilovich , Soviet Army Commander of the First Rank, commanding troops of the Leningrad Military District; executed, June 1937.
• Yarnell , Harry E. , Admiral, Commander in Chief of the United States Asiatic Fleet.
• Yaroslavsky , Emelyan , member of the Central Executive Committee of the Supreme Council of the Soviet Union; Chairman of the Central Council of the Union of Militant Atheists of the Soviet Union; holder of offices in the Communist Party.
• Ye -. See also under E.
• Yeaton , Ivan D. , Captain, American Military Attaché in the Soviet Union, 1939.
• Yenukidze , Avel Safranovich , Secretary of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union, 1922–35; President of the Central Executive Committee of the Transcaucasian Socialist Soviet Republic, March–May 1935; arrested, and shot, December 19, 1937.
• Yost , Charles W. , Assistant Chief, Division of Arms and Munitions Control, Department of State, 1935–38; Assistant Chief, Division of Controls, 1938–41.
• Yudenich , Nikolay Nikolayevich , General, commander of the White Russian forces in the Baltic region, defeated by the Bolsheviks, 1919.
• Yurenyev , Konstantin Konstantinovich , Soviet Ambassador to Japan, 1933–37; to Germany until purged in 1937.
• Zadeikis , Povilas , Lithuanian Minister to the United States.
• Zaikin , Dmitry Ivanovieh , Vice Consul at the Consulate General of the Soviet Union at New York, N. Y.
• Zhdanov , Audrey Alexandrovich , Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Leningrad oblast since 1934, and holder of other Party and Government positions.
• Zilliacus , Per , Colonel, Military Attaché at the Finnish Legation in the United States, 1939.
• Zinovyev , Grigory Evseyevich , veteran revolutionary Communist in the Soviet Union, prime organizer of the Communist (Third) International; in opposition; charged with complicity in murder of Kirov (December 1, 1934), sentenced to 10 years’ imprisonment in January 1935; again arrested and tried, followed by execution on August 24, 1936.
• Zotov , Ivan S. , Soviet Minister to Latvia.
• Zverev , Arseny Grigoryevich , Assistant People’s Commissar for Finance of the Soviet Union, 1937–38; People’s Commissar for Finance, 1938–48.